Buku ini memberikan informasi terkait informasi umum yang melingkupi wilayah tempat gunung api berada, sejarah dan karakteristik letusan yang berisi mengenai catatan-catatan letusan berikut sifat-saifat atau ciri - ciri yang menjadi penanda letuannya, sistem pemantauan gunung api atau strategi mitigasi yang ada dan dikembangkan pada masing-masing gunung api dan kawasan rawan bencana gunung api…
Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan dan tempat terjadinya tumbukan tiga lempeng dunia. Lempeng Eurasia, Lempeng Indo-Australia, dan Lempeng pasifik yang saling bertumbukan, memberi peluang magma naik ke permukaan, sehingga terbentuklah rangkaian cincin api di atas Indonesia. 127 gunung api terangkai membentuk untaian melingkar menjadi jembatan imajiner mempersatukan gugusan pulau yang membenta…
Unsur tanah jarang (REE) dan yttrium kaya akan vitrain, xylain, liptain, fusain, dan semua conto batubara dari endapan batubara Bulgaria telah diselidiki. Vitrain, xylain, dan liptain terkuras, sedangkan fusain bertambah di dalam REE dan Y ketika dibandingkan dengan conto yang terseleksi. Pola normalisasi Chondrite menunjukkan pengayaan relatif REE ringan (LREE) terhadap REE berat (HREE), anoma…
Aktifitas Sesar Semangko Sumatera Merupakan Potensi Bencana yang selalu terjadi di Pu/au Sumatera, ha/ ini dikarenakan Sumatera merupakan jalur Ring of fire yang membelah pu/au Sumatera yang dikenal juga dengan nama Sesar Semangko Sumatera, Struktur Sesar Semangko Sumatera ini sangat mendominasi kejadian gerakan Sesar yang ada di Sumatera dikarenakan adanya Subduksi Lempeng depan Sumatera yang…
Secara umum pada tahun 2020 jumlah data yang tercatat dalam neraca sumber daya dan cadangan mineral batubara dan panas bumi terdiri dari 2.509 data mineral logam, 4.014 data mineral buka logam dan batuan, 1.517 data batubara, 61 data gas metana batubara, 69 data gambut dan 357 data panas bumi.
Vesuvianite-group minerals (VGM) are wide• spread and occur in different geological formations including regional metamorphic rocks, skams, rodingites, etc. Specific crystal-chemical features of these minerals reflect conditions of their crystallization. As a rule, high-temperature VGM have high-symmetry structures (space group P4/ nnc), whereas low-temperature samples …
This volume is the third and final part of the series of reference books on vibrational spectra of minerals. Unlike the two previous parts (Chukanov 2014; Chukanov and Chervonnyi 2016), this book contains not only infrared (IR) spectra of minerals but also data on their Raman spectra. In Chap. 1, numerous examples of the application of 1R spectroscopy to the analysis of crystal-chemical f…
In the nineteen years, 1965-1983, spanning the seven international conferences devoted to luminescence dosimetry, the applications of thermoluminescence to ionizing radiation dosimetry have become legion. There is no doubt that thermoluminescence now occupies a central and constantly expanding role in ionizing radiation dosimetry in the fields of clinical radiation therapy and diagnostics a…
Perkembangan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup selalu disuarakan akan tetapi dalam kenyataannya masih banyak sekali penggagas proyek (pemrakarsa) yang belum memliki kesadaran tinggi dalam melaksanakan pengelolaan lingkungan. Dampak yang dirasakan adalah semakin menurunnya kualitas lingkungan, menurunnya daya dukung lingkungan dan meninglatnya itensitas bencana alam dan kerusakan lingkungan.
Each year approximately 40 million metric tons of processed kaolin are sold around the world into markets ranging from brick making to paper coating. This functional versatility is a direct consequence of natural variability in deposit quality, which is controlled by mineralogy and processing. Poorer quality deposits, which contain relatively large quan• tities of impurity minerals, are sold …
In the field of applied geophysics, the geoelectric methods have been important for about a century, particularly for shallow and near-surface investigations. Geoelectric methods are used extensively to locate buried targets that are conductive and resis• tive in nature. The purpose of active geoelectric surveys is to determine the subsur• face resistivity distribution by making measurement…
Central Indonesia consists of an assortment of micro continents amidst micro- oceanic plates. The map in Fig. 2.0-1 is based mainly on interpretation of various authors, checked for accuracy by bathymetric, Bouger gravity, and surface geology maps as well .. Deep sea basins are generally underlain by an oceanic crust. This is supported by Bouger gravity values of more than 140 mgal, …
AN elementary textbook is much concerned with the fundamentals of a subject and these do not change with time. In this respect the second edition of our book •has been little modified. In every other it is much altered for the subject has advanced greatly since we gathered together the material for the original version. The changes have been brought about mainly by developments in …
There are no documented records of when or how mankind first discovered that a certain "black rock" would burn. However, it is known that coal was employed as a fuel in China circa 1100 BC and that Welsh Bronze Age cultures had used coal for funeral pyres. There are many other instances where coal receives some mention in the histori…
During the last few decades coal chemistry and coal petrology have developed as special fields of research, of equal importance from both the scientific and practical viewpoints. Until the nineteen twenties coal chemists used to examine coal as a whole. However, after coal petrographers had. discovered that practically all coals are composed …
Application of seismic stratigraphic techniques is nowadays standard practice for interpreting seismic data sets. The advantage of seismic stratigraphy for geological studies lies in the fact that the method combines different scales of observation: large scale remote sensing seismic measurements and the high-resolution well control logging I outcrop approach (Veeken 2007). Many workers have em…
Para mahasiswa S2 dan S3 yang akan menulis tesis dan disertasi harus membaca jurnal luar negeri untuk menemukan masalah penelitian yang tepat (a proper research problem). pada umumnya jurnal luar negeri, metode analisisnya didasarkan pada analisis multivariate yang melibatkan hubungan variabel yang saling mempengaruhi. Sebetulnya penelitian atau riset itu akan dilakukan kalau ada masalah yang a…
This book was first published in French in 2006 by the Presses polytechnique et universi• taires romande (PPUR). In 2010 a new edition of the French version was published. This new version was published by CRC Press and translated into English by Patricia Bobeck. In 2017, CRC press asked me to write a new edition of the English version. This book is …